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0086 1866 1199 988
0086 510-81151808
Sandy.Swun
519988808
Mandarin Education School
Room 405, 4 Fl,Building No.8,
Maoye Business Center,
Chang jiang No.1,
New district , Wuxi City , China
汉语的声调有区别意义的作用,声调错了,有可能使人产生误解。例如:tāg , táng , tǎng , tàng ,发音完全相同,只是声调不同,意思就不一样。不能把“我要tāng (汤)”说成“我要táng (糖)” ,也不能把“你tǎng (躺)yitǎng ”说成“你tàng(烫)yitàng ”。外国人学汉语,声调是语音学习中最大的困难所在;外国人说汉语多半带洋腔洋调,主要原因是声调不对。所以在对外汉语教学中,要把声调教学作为语音教学的重点。
学生要学好声调,一是靠模仿,二是靠记忆。就是说,在初级阶段学习每一个词都要先模仿,模仿对了,还要记住。声调是音节的一部分,每一个音节都有一个声调,每一个词都有固定的声调,要记住一个词,就包括要记住这个词的声调。
有些学生4 个声调都有困难,说英语的学生主要困难是第二声上不去,第三声不会拐弯,第四声下降不到位。
下面介绍几种教声调的方法:
( 1 )先教第一声和第四声。 对多数国家的学生来说,第一声不太难:学会了第一声还可以起定调的作用,因为第一声是高平调,其他声调的高低都是跟第一声相比较而言的。就象合唱时要先起调一样,学习汉语的声调也要先定调,就是先把第一声的调值定好。学习第四声的主要困难是下降不到位。英语中的降调接近汉语的第四声,但是要夸张才能到位。可以用Let ' go 。引导,这里的go 的降调如果夸张一下就相当于汉语的第四声,然后用gòu (够)这个词来练,让学生说let ' gòu 。
( 2 )学会了第四声以后,用第四声带第二声。学习第二声的主要困难是上不去,上不去又往往是因为起调太高,用第四声带第二声,就可以避免起调太高。具体办法是用一组第四声加第二声的词或词组进行练习。例如:jiàngyóu (酱油), dòuniú(斗牛)。在选择音节的时候,要注意所选的音节的声母和韵母对他们不难。如果声调难,声韵母也难,学生就顾不过来。
( 3 )先教半三声,再教全三声。在第一声、第二声和第四声前面的全三声要说成半三声,所以半三声是全三声的一个变调。在四个基本声调中,一般是全三声最难学,中国小孩儿也是最后学会全三声。半三声是个低平调,应该不太难。但是很多学生半三声说不好。这可能是因为我们总是先教全三声(因为把半三声看成是全三声的变调),因此外国学生在学习半三声的时候,总是想着全三声,想着怎样从全三声变过来。现在有的研究认为,现代汉语普通话中很少说全三声,半三声是主要的,因此主张不专门教全三声,只要教好半三声,在强调的时候拉长一下,自然就成了全三声。