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Mandarin Education School is a great place to learn Chinese and Chinese Culture.I've learned a lot in this school, my Chine...
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0086 1866 1199 988
0086 510-81151808
Sandy.Swun
519988808
Mandarin Education School
Room 405, 4 Fl,Building No.8,
Maoye Business Center,
Chang jiang No.1,
New district , Wuxi City , China
《史记》是中国文化古代文学史上第一部纪传体的通史,共130篇。在体例上,《史记》分为5大部分,即本纪,记帝王之事;世家,述诸侯之事;列传,叙人臣之事;表,即表格形式的大事记;书,即典章制度。《史记》通过这5个部分相互配合、相'互补充,构成了完整的历史体系,成为中国文化史上中国历代史书的基本形式。所谓的“二十四史”,即以《史记》为首。
鲁迅先生称《史记》为“史家之绝唱,无韵之离骚”,当是无愧的。对外汉语教师必了解内容:就《史记》在中国文化史上的文学性而言,首先表现在它的叙事方式上,它采用的是第三人称的客观叙述,实际是“寓褒贬于叙事之中”。它叙述了漫长的三千年历史,再现了历史上波澜壮阔的场景和人物活动。《史记》中的很多传记,用一系列故事展开。如《廉颇蔺相如列传》,就是由完璧归赵、渑池相会、负荆请罪等故事构成的。同时,《史记》中的故事,还有不少是富于戏剧性的。如《项羽本纪》中著名的“鸿门宴”故事,就犹如一场精彩的戏剧演出,剧中人物的出场、退场、神情、动作、对话,乃至座位的朝向,都写得如闻其声、如见其人。剧情又高潮迭起、扣人心弦,极富戏剧性。其次;塑造了众多具有鲜明个性的人物形象:帝王将相、贵戚富商、文人隐士、游侠刺客、平民百姓。能够留下深刻印象的,如项羽、刘邦、张良、韩信、李斯、屈原、孙武、荆轲、廉颇、蔺相如等,就有近百个。如项羽是一位失败的英雄,可司马迁不以失败论英雄,给以精心描绘,写出了项羽威武壮烈的悲剧命运。《史记》中所描绘的人物,面目活现,神情毕露,得益于塑造人物的艺术手段:人物外貌和神情描写,生活细节的刻画,人物对话的运用,戏剧性场景的设置。上述这一切在司马迁笔下皆运用自如。再次,《史记》的语言艺术是精湛的。司马迁将史料中艰涩难懂的语句,改写成汉代通行的语育,使古文变得浅显流畅。如叙事语言精练简洁、人物语言个性化等。
《史记》对中国文化和文学的影响:司马迁的人格和实录精神,深刻影响到后世作家的创作态度和创作方法;它开创了中国传记文学的先河;它的笔法直接影响到唐宋古文家,成为他们行文遣词的规范;它对唐传奇乃至明清小说和戏剧创作也有深远的影响。