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Mandarin Education School is a great place to learn Chinese and Chinese Culture.I've learned a lot in this school, my Chine...
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0086 1866 1199 988
0086 510-81151808
Sandy.Swun
519988808
Mandarin Education School
Room 405, 4 Fl,Building No.8,
Maoye Business Center,
Chang jiang No.1,
New district , Wuxi City , China
(一）司马迁的生平
司马迁（前145—约前87)，字子长，左冯翊夏阳（今陕西韩城）人，中国伟大的文学家、史学家。他生于史学世家，其父司马谈是一位博学者，汉武帝时任太史令。司马迁近十岁时随父迁居长安，以后拜董仲舒为师学习《春秋》，拜孔安国为师学习《古文尚书》。二十岁那年，他开始广泛地漫游，游历的地方包括今天的湖南、江西、浙江、江苏、山东、河南等地。此次漫游中，他寻访了传说中大禹的遗迹和孔子、屈原、韩信等历史人物活动的旧址。漫游结束后，任郎中一职，又奉使到过四川、云南一带。此后，他曾侍从武帝巡狩、封禅而到过更
多的地方，足迹遍及全国各地。漫游生活使司马迁大开眼界，他接触了各阶层各种人物的生活，尤其收集到了许多历史人物的资料和传说，为后来《史记》的写作奠定了基础。汉武帝元封元年（前110)，其父司马谈去世，父亲著述历史的未竟之业便落在了他的肩上。元封三年，司马迁继任太史令。自此，他读遍国家藏书，研究各种史料，着手著史。未曾料到，一场巨大的灾难从天而降。天汉二年(前99)，李陵兵败，投降匈奴。消息传到京城，武帝为之震怒，朝臣顺水推舟，斥骂李陵。司马迁以为这对李陵太不公平，挺身而出，陈说李陵投降实出无奈。他的辩护触怒了武帝，加之他写就的《景帝本纪》，直言景帝、武帝过失，武帝借此对他两罪并罚，处以“宫刑”。面对如此奇耻大辱，司马迁想到过死，但著史之业未竟，只得隐忍苟活，继续写作。对此，他在《报任少卿书》中有详细申述，提出了“人固有一死，死，或重于泰山，或轻于鸿毛”的生死观。在太始四年（前93)左右，司马迁终于完成了《史记》这部煌煌巨著。此后，他的事迹不详，约在武帝末年去世。
