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      阿拉伯学生语音教学中的几个问题


        在刚刚过去的一个月里，我教了一个阿拉伯学生，他参加的是语风一对一的课程。你别以为阿拉伯人都是那种浓眉络腮胡，头上严严实实裹着头巾只露一对炯炯有神的大眼睛那种。Ali可是一位刚刚从美国修完硕士学位，即将进入阿拉伯石油公司，有学识又有“钱途”的时髦小伙子。

        他学习汉语的原因仅仅是因为他有一位视为“公主”般的中国女朋友。学习时间只有短短的两个星期，可是有着聪明头脑和强烈学习欲的Ali，获得了对汉语的整体认识，学习完了汉语语音，会认一些简单汉字，还能用学过的话题独自解决生活中的一些问题。

        下面主要谈谈他在语音方面遇到的问题：

        1、声母中的送气音和不送气音

        声母中送气和不送气音的对立，比较明显的是b和p，学生基本发不出p的音。在通过夸张演示和单音分辨练习后，情况有所好转，基本不会发生混淆，但在具体使用时仍需反复多次强调巩固。

        2、关于韵母

        Ali的一个问题是会把e发成［i］，即会把高原因发成低元音。我解决的办法是发音示范时让学生比较两个音的开口度，学生在发音过程中稳定口型及舌位防止后滑，正音时着重练习。

        另一个问题是把鼻韵母-ng发成［n］+［g］，即发ang、eng、ing、ong时，发成an+g，en+g，in+g，on+g。这也是母语为英语的学习者常有的错误。教学时让学生仰头迫使舌头往口腔后部移动，便能轻松发出-ng。还利用了舌根音g、k、h与后鼻韵母发音部位相同的特点，来帮助后鼻韵母归音准确到位。

        语音问题是个顽疾，即使语音阶段解决了问题，在具体语流中又是另外一番景象。希望Ali能持之以恒，坚持学习，在后期的学习中继续巩固。




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