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趋向补语的引申义
汉语中,趋向补语用在动词和形容词后,还可以表示其他的意义。
动词+“出来”,表示从无到有,产生新事物。例如:
1、这个字你能写出来吗?
2、你画得真快,一会儿就画出来了。
动词+“出来”也表示分辨辨识,从隐到显的意思,例如:
1、你听出来了吗?这是谁的声音?
2、我看出来了,这是二年级的那个女孩子。
一些形容词或动词+“下来”表示由动到静、由强到弱、由快到慢等变化。例如:
1、天黑下来了,孩子们要回家了。
2、我真希望时间能慢下来,不要过得那么快。
动词+“起来”,表示动作的方向由下到上,例如:
1、你这样躺着看书对眼睛不好,快坐起来!
2、需要长时间坐着工作的人,一小时左右一定要站起来活动活动。
“想”、“回忆”、“记”这类的动词+“起来”,表示回忆有了结果。例如:
1、你记起来我是谁了吗?
2、对不起,我想不起来你的名字了。
Extension of the Complements of Direction
In Chinese, a complement of direction can be used after a verb or an adjective to mean different things.
“出来”can be used after a verb to indicate the emergence of something mew. For example:
1.Can you write this words?
2.You are drawing so fast that you can draw it in a moment.
When used after a verb, “出来”can also indicate the recognition of something implicit. For example:
1.Did you hear that?Whose voice is this?
2.I could tell it was the second grade girl.
When used after certain adjectives or verb. “下来”indicates a change from movement to stillness, from being strong to being weak, or from being fast to being slow. For example:
1.It’s getting dark.The children are going home.
2.I wish time could slow down and not pass so fast.
The verb “起来”can be used after another verb as a complement of direction or possibility, indicating an upward movement. For example:
1.It’s bad for your eyes to read while lying down like this. Sit up!
2.If you need to sit for a long time, get up and move around for an hour or so.
When“起来”is used after the verb “想”、“回忆”、“记”,it means the act of recalling has reached a result. For example:
1.Do you remember who i am?
2.Sorry, I can’t remember your name.
경햫적 보어의 확장용법
중국어에서 경햫보어는 동사와 형용사 뒤에 쓰이며 기타 의미도 나타낼수 있다.
동사+“出来”,무에서 유를 창조하고 새로운 사물이 생겨났음을 의미한다. 예를 들면:
1.이 글자를 당신은 쓸 수 있습니까?
2.너는 정말 빨리 그리는구나, 골 그려낼 수 있을거야.
동사+“出来”또한 분별 변식을 하여 은유에서 현상으로 나아 간다는 뜻을 나타낸다.예를들면:
1.너 알아들었니?이것은 누구의 목소리입니까?
2.나는 이것이 2학년 그 여자 아이라는 것을 알아냈다.
일부 형용사나 동사+“下来”움직임에서 정으로,강한데로부터 약한데로,빠르던데로부터 느린데로 등 변화를 나타낸다.예를들면:
1.날이 어두워졌으니 아이들은 집으로 돌아가려고 한다.
2.나는 정말 시간이 느려져서, 그렇게 빨리 보내지 않기를 바란다.
동사+“起来”,동작의 방향을 아래에서 위로 표시하다.예를들면:
1.너 이렇게 누워서 책을 보는 것은 눈에 좋지 않은니,빨리 일어나!
2.장시간 앉아서 일하는 사람은 1시간 정도 일어서서 몸을 움직여야 한다.
“想”、“回忆”、“记”이런 종류의 동사+“起来”,추억이 결과를 있다고 표시하다.예를들면:
1.당신은 내가 누군지 기억해 냈습니까?
2.미안하지만,나는 너의 이름이 생각나지 않는다.